Red Light Therapy Research

Written by Shawn White, LMT

Here is an extensive list of red light therapy research studies. It is available for you to review at your leisure. If you, like me, enjoy researching everything yourself, use this list as a starting point. Your exploration of knowledge is magnificent and marvelous, and it will lead you toward limitless adventure. I hope you have an abundance of fun in the process. The world is a far better place when we have free access to information, especially when it has been compiled for your viewing pleasure.

Red Light Therapy Research Studies

[1] Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophysics, 4(3), 337-361. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28748217/
[2] Nguyen, J. K., Weedon, J., Jakus, J., Heilman, E., Isseroff, R. R., Siegel, D. M., & Jagdeo, J. R. (2019). A dose-ranging, parallel group, split-face, single-blind phase II study of light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) for skin scarring prevention: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 20, 432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31307501/
[3] Yue, X., Mei, Y., Zhang, Y., Tong, Z., Cui, D., Yang, J., Wang, A., Wang, R., Fei, X., Ai, L., Di, Y., Luo, H., Li, H., Luo, W., Lu, Y., Li, R., Du, C., Gao, G., Yang, H., … Tong, Z. (2019). New insight into Alzheimer’s disease: Light reverses Aβ-obstructed interstitial fluid flow and ameliorates memory decline in APP/PS1 mice. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 5, 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.006
[4] Sommer, A. P., & Zhu, D. (2009). Green tea and red light—a powerful duo in skin rejuvenation. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 27(6), 969–971. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2009.2547
[5] Zhou, D., Sun, M.-H., Jiang, W.-J., Li, X.-H., Lee, S.-H., Heo, G., Niu, Y.-J., Ock, S. A., & Zha, X.-S. (2022). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects porcine oocytes against post-ovulatory aging through inhibition of oxidative stress. Aging, 14(22), 9120–9135. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204368
[6] Wunsch, A., & Matuschka, K. (2014). A controlled trial to determine the efficacy of red and near-infrared light treatment in patient satisfaction, reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, skin roughness, and intradermal collagen density increase. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 32(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2013.3616
[7] Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pamukci, N., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: Stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 32(1), 41–52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24049929/
[8] Chung, H., Dai, T., Sharma, S. K., Huang, Y.-Y., Carroll, J. D., & Hamblin, M. R. (2012). The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 40(2), 516–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7
[9] Hamblin, M. R. (2018). Mechanisms and mitochondrial redox signaling in photobiomodulation. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 94(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12864
[10] Hamblin, M. R. (2018). Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 96(4), 731–743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24190

Red Light Therapy Research Studies Reflection

Thus far, what are your thoughts on the red light therapy research studies you have read? What are some questions you may have, and do you believe you have more or less faith in its efficacy?

[11] Ferraresi, C., Huang, Y.-Y., & Hamblin, M. R. (2016). Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: An advantage in sports performance? Journal of Biophotonics, 9(11–12), 1273–1299. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201600176
[12] Ahn, S.-H., Suh, J.-S., Lim, G.-H., & Kim, T.-J. (2023). The potential effects of light irradiance in glaucoma and photobiomodulation therapy. Bioengineering, 10(2), 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020223
[13] Phypers, R., Berisha-Muharremi, V., & Hanna, R. (2024). The efficacy of multiwavelength red and near-infrared transdermal photobiomodulation light therapy in enhancing female fertility outcomes and improving reproductive health: A prospective case series with 9-month follow-up. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(23), 7101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237101
[14] Austin, E., Huang, A., Wang, J. Y., Cohen, M., Heilman, E., Maverakis, E., Michl, J., & Jagdeo, J. (2022). Red light phototherapy using light-emitting diodes inhibits melanoma proliferation and alters tumor microenvironments. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 928484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.928484
[15] Torres-Martinez, N., Chabardes, S., & Mitrofanis, J. (2022). Lights for epilepsy: Can photobiomodulation reduce seizures and offer neuroprotection? Neural Regeneration Research, 18(7), 1423–1426. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.360288
[16] Szymańska, A., Budzisz, E., & Erkiert-Polguj, A. (2021). The anti-acne effect of near-infrared low-level laser therapy. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 14, 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S323132
[17] Aziz-Jalali, M. H., Tabaie, S. M., & Esmaeeli Djavid, G. (2012). Comparison of red and infrared low-level laser therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 57(2), 128–130. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.94283
[18] Ashmawy, S. S., Kassem, E. M., Gheida, S. F., & Ramzy, N. E. (2024). Efficacy of low-level laser versus topical erythromycin 2% in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, 14(2), e2024048. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1402a48
[19] Peplow, P. V., Chung, T.-Y., & Baxter, G. D. (2012). Photodynamic modulation of wound healing: A review of human and animal studies. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 30(3), 118–148. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2011.3142
[20] Whelan, H. T., Buchmann, E. V., Dhokalia, A., Kane, M. P., Whelan, N. T., Wong-Riley, M. T. T., Eells, J. T., Gould, L. J., Hammad, R., Das, R., & Jett, M. (2003). Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on molecular changes for wound healing in diabetic mice. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery, 21(2), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1089/104454703765035484

Reflection

Now that you’ve reviewed twenty red light therapy research studies, what are your thoughts? If you were going to create your own research study about red light therapy, what would you do, and how would you do it?

[21] Kennedy, R. (2023). Phototherapy as a treatment for dermatological diseases, cancer, aesthetic dermatologic conditions, and allergenic rhinitis in adult and pediatric medicine. Life, 13(1), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010196
[22] Koycu, A., Bas, C., Musabak, U. H., Erbek, S. S., Koca, H. S., Babakurban, S. T., & Bahcecitapar, M. (2023). Effects of combined visible and infrared light rhinophototherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 37(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924221133898
[23] Odorici, G., Monfrecola, G., & Bettoli, V. (2021). Tetracyclines and photosensitive skin reactions: A narrative review. Dermatologic Therapy, 34(4), e14978. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14978
[24] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25214-tetracyclines
[25] https://www.lupus.org/resources/tips-for-managing-sensitivity-to-light
[26] Hernández-Bule, M. L., Naharro-Rodríguez, J., Bacci, S., & Fernández-Guarino, M. (2024). Unlocking the power of light on the skin: A comprehensive review on photobiomodulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(8), 4483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084483
[27] Zane, C., Capezzera, R., Pedretti, A., Facchinetti, E., & Calzavara-Pinton, P. (2008). Non-invasive diagnostic evaluation of phototherapeutic effects of red light phototherapy of acne vulgaris. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 24(5), 244–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2008.00368.x
[28] Otterço, A. N., Brassolatti, P., Andrade, A. L. M., Avó, L. R. S., Bossini, P. S., & Parizotto, N. A. E. (2018). Effect of photobiomodulation (670 nm) associated with vitamin A on the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Lasers in Medical Science, 33(9), 1867–1874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2535-4
[29] https://www.virtualbeauty.co.nz/resources/vitamin-e-for-skin-maintenance-protection/
[30] Telang, P. S. (2013). Vitamin C in dermatology. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 4(2), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593 [31] https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products/low-level-laser-system-aesthetic-use-class-ii-special-controls-guidance-industry-and-fda-staff

Reflection

Now that you’ve reviewed thirty red light therapy research studies, what were your thoughts on photobiomodulation for athletic performance? When researching a topic, it’s essential to consider research that attempts to disprove your opinions and beliefs. Science, after all, is the search for the most likely truth.

[31] This entry was deleted
[32] Samaranayaka, S., & Jarrett, P. (2021). Topical retinoids. DermNet NZ. Retrieved from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/topical-retinoids
[33] Kaidbey, K. H., & Mitchell, F. N. (1989). Photosensitizing potential of certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Archives of Dermatology, 125(6), 783–786. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2730099/
[34] Blakely, K. M., Drucker, A. M., & Rosen, C. F. (2019). Drug-induced photosensitivity—An update: Culprit drugs, prevention, and management. Drug Safety, 42(8), 827–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-019-00806-5
[35] Davis, A. E., Kennelley, G. E., Amaye-Obu, T., Jowdy, P. F., Ghadersohi, S., Nasir-Moin, M., Paragh, G., Berman, H. A., & Huss, W. J. (2023). The phenomenon of phototoxicity and long-term risks of commonly prescribed and structurally diverse drugs. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 19, 100221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100221
[36] Kerstein, R., & Lister, T. (2014). Laser therapy and photosensitive medication: A review of the evidence. Lasers in Medical Science, 29(4), 1449–1455. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260485325_Laser_therapy_and_photosensitive_medication_A_review_of_the_evidence
[37] Barolet, D. (2018). Dual effect of photobiomodulation on melasma: Downregulation of hyperpigmentation and enhanced solar resistance—A pilot study. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 11(4), 28–34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891084/
[38] Trivedi, M. K., Yang, F. C., & Cho, B. K. (2017). A review of laser and light therapy in melasma. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology, 3(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.01.004
[39] Simunovic, Z., Trobonjaca, T., & Trobonjaca, Z. (1998). Treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis—Tennis and golfer’s elbow—with low-level laser therapy: A multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 324 patients. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery, 16(3), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1089/clm.1998.16.145
[40] Lam, L. K. Y., & Cheing, G. L. Y. (2007). Effects of 904-nm low-level laser therapy in the management of lateral epicondylitis: A randomized controlled trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 25(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2006.2047

Red Light Therapy Research Studies Reflection

Although we are technically only up to 39, since I deleted one of the entries, which of the prior red light therapy research studies were you most fascinated by?

[41] Franke, T. P., Koes, B. W., Geelen, S. J., & Huisstede, B. M. (2018). Do patients with carpal tunnel syndrome benefit from low-level laser therapy? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(8), 1650–1659.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.002
[42] Li, Z.-J., Wang, Y., Zhang, H.-F., Ma, X.-L., Tian, P., & Huang, Y. (2016). Effectiveness of low-level laser on carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis of previously reported randomized trials. Medicine, 95(31), e4424. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004424
[43] Korada, H. Y., Arora, E., Maiya, G. A., Rao, S., Hande, M., Shetty, S., Gundmi, S., Anche, P., & Amravadi, S. (2023). Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy on neuropathic pain, nerve conduction, and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy—A systematic review. Current Diabetes Reviews, 19(9), e290422204244. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399818666220429085256
[44] Argenta, P. A., Ballman, K. V., Geller, M. A., Carson, L. F., Ghebre, R., Mullany, S. A., Teoh, D. G. K., Winterhoff, B. J. N., Rivard, C. L., & Erickson, B. K. (2017). The effect of photobiomodulation on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. Gynecologic Oncology, 144(1), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.11.013
[45] Hu, D., Zhu, S., & Potas, J. R. (2016). Red LED photobiomodulation reduces pain hypersensitivity and improves sensorimotor function following mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 13, 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-016-0641-1
[46] Sun, W., Yan, J., Wu, J., & Ma, H. (2021). Efficacy and safety of light therapy as a home treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Medical Science Monitor, 27, e935074. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.935074
[47] Mitrofanis, J. (2017). Why and how does light therapy offer neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease? Neural Regeneration Research, 12(4), 574–575. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.205092
48] Hamilton, C. L., El Khoury, H., Hamilton, D., Nicklason, F., & Mitrofanis, J. (2019). “Buckets”: Early observations on the use of red and infrared light helmets in Parkinson’s disease patients. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 37(10), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4663
[49] Bicknell, B., Liebert, A., & Herkes, G. (2024). Parkinson’s disease and photobiomodulation: Potential for treatment. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010112
[50] Johnstone, D. M., Moro, C., Stone, J., Benabid, A.-L., & Mitrofanis, J. (2015). Turning on lights to stop neurodegeneration: The potential of near-infrared light therapy in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 500. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00500

Red Light Therapy Research Studies Reflection

I found the article “Turning On Lights to Stop Neurodegeneration” to be particularly fascinating. Although the research is considered to be in its infancy, it may offer some hope to Alzheimer’s patients and their families. What are some of your thoughts on the red light therapy research?

[51] Ohtsuki, A., Hasegawa, T., Hirasawa, Y., Tsuchihashi, H., & Ikeda, S. (2009). Photodynamic therapy using light-emitting diodes for the treatment of viral warts. Journal of Dermatology, 36(10), 525–528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00694.x
[52] Maranda, E. L., Lim, V. M., Nguyen, A. H., & Nouri, K. (2016). Laser and light therapy for facial warts: A systematic review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 30(10), 1700–1707. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13789
[53] Dos Santos, S. A., Sampaio, L. M., Caires, J. R., Fernandes, G. H. C., Marsico, A., Serra, A. J., Leal-Junior, E. C., & de Carvalho, P. T. C. (2019). Parameters and effects of photobiomodulation in plantar fasciitis: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 37(6), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2018.4588
[54] Ketz, A. K., Anders, J., Orina, J., Garner, B., Hull, M., Koreerat, N., Sorensen, J., Turner, C., & Johnson, J. (2024). Photobiomodulation therapy plus usual care is better than usual care alone for plantar fasciitis: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Decision Tools, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.90589
[55] Naterstad, I. F., Joensen, J., Bjordal, J. M., Couppé, C., Lopes-Martins, R. A. B., & Stausholm, M. B. (n.d.). Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in patients with lower extremity tendinopathy or plantar fasciitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-4578
[56] Jindal, K., Kumar, P., & Rajnish, R. K. (2019). Photobiomodulation: A promising therapeutic modality in plantar fasciitis. Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific), 6(2), 39–40. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1107
[57] Höfling, D. B., Chavantes, M. C., Juliano, A. G., Cerri, G. G., Romão, R., Yoshimura, E. M., & Chammas, M. C. (2010). Low-level laser therapy in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 42(6), 589–596. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20941
[58] Ercetin, C., Sahbaz, N. A., Acar, S., Tutal, F., & Erbil, Y. (2020). Impact of photobiomodulation on T3/T4 ratio and quality of life in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 38(7), 409–412. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4740
[59] Hossein-Khannazer, N., Kazem Arki, M., Keramatinia, L., & Rezaei-Tavirani, M. (2022). Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 13(1), e34. https://doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2022.34
[60] Höfling, D. B., Chavantes, M. C., Buchpiguel, C. A., Cerri, G. G., Marui, S., Carneiro, P. C., & Chammas, M. C. (2018). Safety and efficacy of Safety and efficacy of low-level laser therapy in autoimmune thyroiditis: Long-term follow-up study. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2018, 8387530. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8387530

Reflection

We can glean a lot of information about the world when we read. Sometimes the content is beyond our comprehension, but that information is stored deep in our brains. When I research, it sets the groundwork for me to more fully understand an advanced concept when I reencounter it. Have you ever read something you didn’t initially understand, but because you were somewhat familiar with the idea, it allowed you to at least gauge what the information was about? Did reading the previous red light therapy research studies help you understand subsequent ones?

[61] Lee, J.-M., & Kim, K.-H. (2017). Effect of near-infrared rays on female menstrual pain in Korea. Nursing & Health Sciences, 19(3), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12356
[62] Ke, Y.-M., Ou, M.-C., Ho, C.-K., Lin, Y.-S., Liu, H.-Y., & Chang, W.-A. (2012). Effects of somatothermal far-infrared ray on primary dysmenorrhea: A pilot study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 240314. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/240314
[63] Fu, Q., Yang, J., Jiang, H., Lin, S., Qin, H., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, M. (2024). Effect of photobiomodulation on alleviating primary dysmenorrhea caused by PGF2α. Journal of Biophotonics, 17(5), e202300448. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202300448
[64] Zipper, R., Pryor, B., & Lamvu, G. (2021). Transvaginal photobiomodulation for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain: A pilot study. Women’s Health Reports, 2(1), 518–527. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0097
[65] Park, K. Y., Han, T. Y., Kim, I. S., Yeo, I. K., Kim, B. J., & Kim, M. N. (2013). The effects of 830 nm light-emitting diode therapy on acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus: A pilot study. Annals of Dermatology, 25(2), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.163
[66] Mukhtar, R., Fazal, M. U., Saleem, M., & Saleem, S. (2020). Role of low-level laser therapy in post-herpetic neuralgia: A pilot study. Lasers in Medical Science, 35(8), 1759–1764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-02969-5
[67] Dougal, G., & Lee, S. Y. (2013). Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level light therapy using 1072 nm infrared light for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 38(7), 713–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.12069
[68] Moskvin, S. V. (2021). Low-level laser therapy for herpesvirus infections: A narrative literature review. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 12, e38. https://doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2021.38
[69] Zanella, P. A., Onuchic, L. F., Watanabe, E. H., Azevedo, L. H., Aranha, A. C. C., Ramalho, K. M., & de Paula Eduardo, C. (2022). Photobiomodulation for preventive therapy of recurrent herpes labialis: A 2-year in vivo randomized controlled study. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 40(10), 682–690. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2022.0054

Reflection

Suppose you were to create a red light therapy research study. What are some of the controls you would use to ensure the information you gathered was reliable?

[70] Hamilton, C., Liebert, A., Pang, V., Magistretti, P., & Mitrofanis, J. (2022). Lights on for autism: Exploring photobiomodulation as an effective therapeutic option. Neurology International, 14(4), 884–893. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040071
[71] Pallanti, S., Di Ponzio, M., Grassi, E., Vannini, G., & Cauli, G. (2022). Transcranial photobiomodulation for the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A retrospective study. Children, 9(5), 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050755
[72] Leisman, G., Machado, C., Machado, Y., & Chinchilla-Acosta, M. (2018). Effects of low-level laser therapy in autism spectrum disorder. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1116, 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_234
[73] Fradkin, Y., De Taboada, L., Naeser, M., Saltmarche, A., Snyder, W., & Steingold, E. (2024). Transcranial photobiomodulation in children aged 2–6 years: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial assessing safety, efficacy, and impact on autism spectrum disorder symptoms and brain electrophysiology. Frontiers in Neurology, 15, 1221193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1221193
[74] Shoukry, E., Borhan, W. H., Selim, M. M., & Hussein, H. G. (2021). Effect of low-level laser on axillary web syndrome post mastectomy. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 83(1), 1344-1349. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2021.168250
[75] Harirchian, M. H., Mohammadpour, Z., Fatehi, F., Firoozeh, N., & Bitarafan, S. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the trend of cytokines to vitamin A supplementation in autoimmune diseases. Clinical Nutrition, 38(5), 2038–2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.026
[76] Hooper, L., Esio-Bassey, C., Brainard, J., Fynn, J., Jennings, A., Jones, N., Tailor, B. V., Abdelhamid, A., Coe, C., Esgunoglu, L., Fallon, C., Gyamfi, E., Hill, C., Howard Wilsher, S., Narayanan, N., Oladosu, T., Parkinson, E., Prentice, E., Qurashi, M., … Lietz, G. (2022). Evidence to underpin vitamin A requirements and upper limits in children aged 0 to 48 months: A scoping review. Nutrients, 14(3), 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030407
[77] Tolleson, W. H., Cherng, S.-H., Xia, Q., Boudreau, M., Yin, J. J., Wamer, W. G., Howard, P. C., Yu, H., & Fu, P. P. (2005). Photodecomposition and phototoxicity of natural retinoids. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2(1), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010147

Red Light Research

If you would like to see all the red light research studies compiled in a digestible format, visit the links below. We offer red light therapy at Jennifer Brand Spa because I have personally experienced the benefits it has had in my life. As a skeptic, I was hesitant to believe it could do anything to address the terrible pain of my pinched nerve. Thank God I tried it, because it started me on an incredible wellness journey that has enriched my life.

Red Light Therapy in O’Fallon: This page will introduce you to the red light therapy we offer at Jennifer Brand Spa.
Red Light Therapy Contraindications: This article explores the potential contraindications of red light therapy.
Best Serum for Red Light Therapy: This article explores the best serums and vitamins to use in conjunction with red light therapy.
Red Light Therapy for Lymphedema: This article explores whether red light therapy may valuable to those with lymphedema.

      EXCELLENT  
   Based on 423 reviews 
    
 
 
 
   
 
 
      Posted on Google  
   
   Patrick Baker 
 9 October 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Massage class was awesome. Shawn was very attentive and open. Communicated very well
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Kristin Pavia 
 25 September 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn gave wonderful information about the whys of everything! He truly cares and wants his clients better and overall health and happiness for them! If you want a personal connection and great way to feel better I highly suggest using him!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   lisa hagedorn 
 16 August 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. First visit, started with a brief discussion about what I wanted or needed. My massage therapist was very friendly and knowledgeable about my needs. Was able to relax and really enjoy my massage.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Cheryl “Elder Cheryl” Robinson-Moore 
 12 August 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I went for a lymphatic drainage massage. The experience was exceeded my expectations and the results were remarkably long lasting.  I recommended Jennifer to my postal rep. I can't wait treatment!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Living Man 1959 
 8 August 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn was absolutely fantastic. He took very good care of me and my wife and listened to our concerns and addressed them professionally and was overall a great man to meet. We will definitely be coming back here more!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Erin Madigan 
 13 July 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn was great! Asked what my goal was at the start of the appointment. Checked on how I was feeling/pressure a couple times throughout the session. I am currently pregnant and went for a prenatal massage, he even made sure to let me know that if I were to go somewhere else for a massage while pregnant if they didn’t have the prenatal table or bed wedge that it was not in my best interest, AMAZING patient advocacy! I definitely plan on returning!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Saskia Mentor 
 10 July 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. First time at this place and we loved it! My partner and I got a couples massage today and will definitely return. The whole experience was catered to us, and both masseuses checked in regularly to make sure we were comfortable and enjoying our experience. We each wanted separate things out of our massages, and Shawn and Connor took the time to make sure we got those things. The atmosphere was soothing and comfortable, with comfortable blankets and a quiet soundscape playing in the background. Thank you guys for making us both so comfortable and treating us both with such care!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Lynn Martin 
 3 July 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Fabulous relaxing massage with all over care…highly recommend Shawn!  You will melt…
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Allison Moushey 
 26 June 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Just got my first massage ever with Shawn. It was so wonderful 😌 Since it was my first time he explained everything clearly to know for this massage and for future references if I were to go anywhere else to best advocate for myself. Incredibly professional and thoughtful. He listened to my areas of concern and checked in throughout. It was also a great combination of conversation and comfortable silence to drift a bit. Left feeling calm and relaxed. Very happy with my experience! Thank you, Shawn!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Mandi Kindhart 
 18 June 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Jennifer Brand provided an exceptional experience that exceeded my expectations. I was impressed by the professionalism and intend to make this my go-to destination for monthly massages. Connor was outstanding in his approach, displaying care, concern, and authenticity. He carefully assessed my needs and delivered targeted relief. I highly recommend this establishment for its excellent services and serene atmosphere.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   shelly simon 
 1 June 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great experience,  wonderful service
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Tori Loesche 
 29 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I did the Pain Management massage with Shawn - it was a total experience! The education, atmosphere, massage technique, fun tools all made for a fantastic massage. He listened well to the areas I was hurting and tailored his massage accordingly. Highly recommend this place! The price is a little steeper than what I’ve paid at other places, but all in all it was a great experience for the reward I got from it.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Toni Tomazi 
 19 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My husband and I did a couple massage… wow Connor and Shawn did amazing. We are planning our next visit asap!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Allie Centerino 
 12 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I loved my prenatal massage with Shawn! The table allows you to be on your stomach - such a blessing during pregnancy!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Angie Barrett 
 6 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I was planting flowers over the weekend and strained my back.  Saw Shawn for half hour pain management message. He worked to eliminate the pain and I walked out of there as good as new. No pain!  The atmosphere is so comfortable. I’m a believer!  This was my first visit but I am sure it won’t be my last. I highly recommend it!!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Jennifer Mitman 
 5 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Natalie was wonderful!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Jazzy Fullerton 
 2 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Highly recommend! We had a 60 minute couples massage done by Connor & Shawn. They were extremely professional, polite, and skilled!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Laura Harris 
 2 May 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn’s attentiveness is like no other massage experience I’ve had. This is more than relaxation, his philosophy about pain and how he structures his sessions have made a huge impact for me in only two visits. I highly recommend seeing him if you have any aches and pains and really want to let go of them for good.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Debbie Schroeder 
 1 April 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I had my first hydrafacial with Jennifer Brand Spa. It was a great experience. Rebecca was excellent and incorporated some neck and foot massage into the hydrafacial. The spa environment was peaceful and relaxing.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Sarah Eichelberger 
 28 March 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Rebeca gave the best massage I’ve ever had! It relieved so much of my neck and shoulder pain from my car accident!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Tracy Mooney 
 22 March 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I thoroughly enjoyed my massage with Natalie! She communicated well with me what was going to be done requested how much pressure I would like and was very open with my request.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Cindy Mojeske 
 4 March 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn is beyond amazing! I could barely walk when I went to see him and with only 1 massage I was able to move without excruciating discomfort.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Lindsey Ott 
 28 February 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Rebecca is HANDS DOWN the best masseuse I’ve ever had. From lymphatic drainage to the best deep tissue. 5 stars all around 😍
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Kim Grierson 
 22 February 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Had a great hot stone massage! Will definitely go back to this spa
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Kerri Yates 
 16 February 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great place very relaxing.   Connor was great.  Would recommend this place.  Very professional
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Matthew Elgart 
 8 February 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great massage! Shawn was professional, knowledgeable, and kind! Recommend for anyone in the O’Fallon area looking for a refreshing visit! Thank you!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Melissa Wright 
 4 February 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Definitely one of the best and most comprehensive massages I’ve had. Shawn shared his knowledge about pain feedback loops and his incredible life experience. This undoubtedly helps him connect to people and his craft in a really thoughtful and unique way.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Sarah Hase 
 31 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn White did an amazing job on my prenatal massage. Highly recommend. Thank you so much for the care.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   JOYCE Rogers 
 30 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Conner is a wonderful massage therapist!!! I highly recommend him to help you with reducing pain and stress!!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Stephanie Kirk 
 19 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn was amazing!!!! Highly recommend!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Mitchell W. 
 16 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My wife and I did a couple's massage and it was excellent.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Meagan Schulte 
 16 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My husband and I took the couples massage class with Shawn. He was so knowledgeable, supportive, and created a very safe environment for learning. We each had the opportunity to observe Shawn demonstrate techniques and then practice them ourselves. He provided excellent feedback and helped us learn to effectively communicate with one another about how we were experiencing the massage, both how to check in and how to provide kind and honest feedback. It is clear Shawn is not only a master in his craft, but beyond that, he’s an excellent teacher. We will definitely be back.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   E Thomas 
 5 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. The couples massage class was very informative. We learned a lot and will use what we learned in the near future. Definitely recommend this class.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Trysten Staley 
 5 January 2026
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Natalie was amazing. My first time here and I couldn’t have been more relaxed but still worked on areas that I was having issues with. Can’t wait for my next session.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Brad Chandler 
 31 December 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Had a great session with Rebecca today. Highly recommend her for deep tissue
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Cynthia Manlove 
 28 December 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great massage!!  Definately woth the price
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   rungej14 
 22 December 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I received a great massage.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Nate Simpson 
 20 December 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Rebecca has been life-changing for me. I came in with years of daily pain from a tilted pelvis, rounded shoulders, and forward head posture. The pain was constant and exhausting, and I had started to believe this was just my normal.  Her deep tissue work has made a real, noticeable difference. She’s incredibly skilled, intentional, and truly listens to what your body needs. Session by session, she’s helped undo problems I carried for years.  Rebecca has been an absolute godsend. I move better, hurt less, and finally feel hope instead of frustration. If you’re dealing with chronic pain and think nothing will help, I can’t recommend her enough. Thank you Rebecca
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Melanie & Chris Cassidy 
 14 December 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My partner and I were able to take a couples massage class with Shawn. Shawn is a natural teacher and was very patient. He taught us so much and had such a wonderful perspective on touch, intimacy, and relationships. Shawn was very informative and encouraging. We really enjoyed our experience and signed up for another class at a future date. I cannot recommend this enough!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Erin Henry 
 24 November 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I would HIGHLY recommend this establishment to anyone. I had a sisters day with my sister in law for her birthday and treated her to a head to toe experience and from the moment we walked in we were greeted with kindness, and professionalism. This was our first experience receiving a massage so we both weren’t sure how the process would be, the staff was kind, patient & very thorough with the explanation of what was to be expected. I love that we were treated with the utmost respect and an experience that was SO relaxing. 10/10 WILL be back!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Barbara Henke 
 5 November 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Wonderful experience! Very clean and well organized. Will definitely be back.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Stephany Davenport 
 28 October 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great couples massage. Shawn and Matt did a great job! Very satisfied.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Ashlee Hoffman 
 25 October 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Great service! Tailored my massage to exactly what I needed!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Rich Kopf 
 17 October 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn lead an excellent couples massage class that my girlfriend and I loved. It was a lot of fun and my girlfriend and I  learned a ton about how to massage each other in a safe, comfortable environment.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Stephanie Binder 
 8 October 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn was amazing. I was a bit nervous because of a recent back surgery but he was incredibly gently & understood my anxiety. The massage was just what I needed & he has gained a new client in me. Well done Shawn White.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Claudia Rutherford 
 6 October 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My daughter was treated to a deep tissue massage and she Loved the treatment and massage therapist! I booked one now too!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Samantha Erhardt 
 27 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I wish I had come in much sooner!! My massage with Connor was exceptional! It’s been a challenge learning to live in and be in and trust my body post-stroke, but Connor took me on a beautiful journey back to myself. Many, many thanks to you, Connor, and toJennifer Brand for making my experience the soulful and memorable time exactly what I needed on my healing journey!!Can’t wait to return!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Toni Neistat 
 27 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Absolutely awesome!! Really focused on my problem areas and I learned alot
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Jacob Bartosiak 
 27 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn and Connor were amazing. So welcoming. We were very pleased with our experience. Hospitality was perfect that made for a comfortable experience.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Hayley Dixon 
 26 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Wonderful massage!! The most relaxing massage I have ever had! I will definitely be back!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Reuben French 
 20 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Got a couples massage at a friend's recommendation. It was worth every cent.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Kristy Davis 
 6 September 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. The best service I've ever had
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Claire Thayer 
 30 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I’ve never had a professional massage before — this was incredible! I had the head, neck, and scalp massage package with Monica. She was warm from the moment I walked into the spa and spoke in a soothing tone. She made me much more comfortable with the idea of getting a massage and melted away all my anxieties! I left feeling so relaxed, I’m a new mom and this was exactly what I needed to feel like myself again.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Katelynn Walters 
 28 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I received a pain management massage here with Shawn and it was of the best massages I've received. He focused on my area of pain and made sure that when I left that I felt relaxed and so much better.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Rhonda Turner 
 25 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Rebecca is absolutely amazing! I will definitely be back!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Dee Yates 
 22 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I had a fantastic massage with Monica. She is incredibly knowledgeable and attentive, taking the time to understand what I needed before we started. Throughout the session, she applied just the right amount of pressure—firm enough to release tension, but always comfortable. I left feeling relaxed, refreshed, and with noticeably less muscle tightness. Monica’s professionalism and skill really set her apart, and I’d highly recommend her to anyone looking for a high-quality, restorative massage.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Michele Rosenberg 
 19 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. We did a couples massage for our anniversary and Sean and Conner were very engaged in making sure we had a positive experience. As a result we scheduled our next one before we left!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Nameless 
 11 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I went here for months for prenatal massages with Rebecca, and once with Shawn when I couldn’t wait another week for my next appointment. Shawn is very attentive and also did a session with my partner once that he enjoyed as well, and every session I had with Rebecca was wonderful. I could feel the difference it made on me during my pregnancy, and as someone who enjoys not-so-soft massages, she was perfect but is willing to adjust to what you need. I really don’t have any cons because even the price of it was justified for the service I was getting. They give you the full time in the room, let you wear a level of clothing you’re comfortable in, and it’s very peaceful inside.
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Alicia North 
 7 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn was great. My neck definitely feels much better. Thanks Shawn!!
  
 
     Posted on Google  
   
   Casey Colbert 
 3 August 2025
 
 
 Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Shawn White was great! Addressed my needs and educated me on my soreness.
  
 
 
  
 
   Verified by Trustindex  Trustindex verified badge is the Universal Symbol of Trust. Only the greatest companies can get the verified badge who has a review score above 4.5, based on customer reviews over the past 12 months. Read more